Common Birds in Arkansas

What are the most common bird species in Arkansas?

The most common bird species found in Arkansas are:

• Northern Cardinal
• American Robin
• Northern Mockingbird
• House Sparrow
• American Goldfinch
• Mourning Dove
• Blue Jay
• American Crow
• House Finch
• European Starling
• Red-winged Blackbird
• Common Grackle
• Red-bellied Woodpecker
• Downy Woodpecker
• Hairy Woodpecker
• Carolina Wren
• Ruby-throated Hummingbird
• House Wren
• Yellow-rumped Warbler
• Eastern Phoebe
• Painted Bunting
• Palm Warbler
• Gray Catbird
• Tufted Titmouse
• Great Crested Flycatcher
• Tree Swallow
• Yellow-throated Warbler
• Eastern Towhee
• Carolina Chickadee
• Common Yellowthroat
• Eastern Bluebird
• Great Blue Heron
• Brown-headed Cowbird
• Bald Eagle
• Wild Turkey
• Dark-eyed Junco

While many of these birds are found year-round in Arkansas, some are migratory birds that only make an appearance in the Natural State during specific seasons.  Now, let’s dive into the details and take a closer look at some of the common bird species you can encounter in Arkansas.

Northern Cardinal

Scientific name: Cardinalis cardinalis

As the state bird of seven US states, the Northern Cardinal is particularly well known and prevalent throughout Arkansas. 

Male Northern Cardinals exhibit a striking bright crimson red coloration on their head, chest, and belly, with slightly darker red hues on their back and wing feathers. 

Their facial region features a distinctive black mask that extends from the vivid red bill to the throat. 

In contrast, female Northern Cardinals possess a more subdued buff-brown body color with some reddish tinges, and they also sport a bright red bill. 

The Northern Cardinal is a common backyard bird in Arkansas, frequently observed year-round in yards, small forests, and parks. 

During the winter months, these birds do not defend their territory and can occasionally be seen gathering in flocks of up to 25 individuals that feed together. The Northern Cardinal is a year-long resident of Arkansas and a regular visitor at bird feeders.

American Robin

Scientific name: Turdus migratorius

In Arkansas, the American Robin stands out as a prevalent bird species, easily recognizable by its vibrant orange chest. It’s often seen foraging on the ground, utilizing its strong legs and stout yellow beak to uncover food. These birds are not restricted to wild areas; they have adapted admirably to suburban environments, making them a common sight in backyards and parks. 

During the fall and winter months, American Robins switch their diet to include more fruits, while also seeking out snails and worms amidst the leaf litter. Interestingly, they form large communal roosts outside the breeding season, a behavior noted for its effectiveness in predator avoidance and thermoregulation. 

The melodious and flowing song of the American Robin, which mirrors that of other thrushes, adds a pleasant soundtrack to Arkansas mornings. Their nests, constructed out of twigs, can be found at various heights—from ground level to high in the tree canopy—highlighting their adaptability. 

Typically, American Robins have two to three broods per year. While their original habitat was primarily woodlands, they now comfortably occupy human-modified landscapes. This adaptability is particularly beneficial during the breeding season in Arkansas’s varied environments. 

Migration patterns of the American Robin are partially migratory, with those in the northernmost regions of the USA and Canada migrating fully. In Arkansas, however, they can be observed year-round, providing continuous opportunities for bird enthusiasts to enjoy their presence.

eas as well as urban settings with ample tree cover, including parks and residential neighborhoods. 

House Sparrow

Scientific name: Passer domesticus

The House Sparrow is a familiar urban songbird in Arkansas. 

Adult males have upperparts that are primarily chestnut brown with dark streaks. The wings are chestnut brown with a white wingbar. 

A distinctive characteristic to identify males is their gray crown and rump. Females are more drab and are mostly buff gray with dark streaks on their back. 

Although the House Sparrow is not a native bird of Arkansas, it was introduced by European settlers.  It has successfully colonized the entire North American continent and is now a common urban bird found in parks and backyards across Arkansas.

American Goldfinch

Scientific name: Spinus tristis

The American Goldfinch, scientifically known as Spinus tristis, is a prevalent and easily recognizable bird in Arkansas due to its vibrant coloration. 

Adult males exhibit striking bright yellow plumage during the breeding season, which contrasts sharply with their black cap, black wings, and black tail. 

Females, on the other hand, are less vividly colored. Their plumage tends toward a more subdued buff yellowish-brown, accompanied by black wings, making them less conspicuous than their male counterparts. 

American Goldfinches are common breeding birds in Arkansas and frequent visitors to bird feeders, particularly those offering sunflower seeds, which are a favored food source. 

In winter, these goldfinches often form flocks to forage, primarily feeding on thistles in weedy fields and other open areas, showcasing their adaptability to varying seasonal conditions.

Mourning Dove

Scientific name: Zenaida macroura

The Mourning Dove is one of the most ubiquitous bird species in Arkansas, thriving in both rural and suburban settings. 

This bird is almost entirely grayish-brown with a pale underside. The wings and tail are pointed, and there is a small black dot on the side of the face. 

When observed closely, notable features include a grayish-blue eyering and pink legs and toes, which are distinguishing characteristics of the Mourning Dove. 

In Arkansas, this bird is a common breeder and can be spotted throughout the year. It is particularly prevalent during the winter in open woodlands, although it tends to steer clear of densely forested areas.

Blue Jay

Scientific name: Cyanocitta cristata

A common blue-colored bird in Arkansas, Blue Jays prefer open areas with scattered trees and shrubs, often accompanied by dense undergrowth. 

These medium-sized birds are characterized by their striking grayish-blue plumage on top, complemented by bright arctic blue wing and tail feathers, while their underparts are a light gray color. 

Blue Jays are notably social, residing in small groups called colonies. Each colony typically features one dominant pair alongside several subordinate members. 

Dominant males take on the role of territory defenders, aggressively chasing away intruders and subordinate members. While subordinate females and young birds are tolerated within the group, they do not receive protection from the dominant pair. 

These backyard birds are known for their opportunistic feeding habits. Their diet is quite varied, including fruits, invertebrates, small vertebrates, carrion, and even food stolen from other animals. 

During summer months, insects make up a significant portion of their diet. Blue Jays employ various techniques to catch insects, whether in mid-flight or at ground level. 

Blue Jays often utilize man-made structures such as buildings, bridges, and telephone poles when foraging. They are known to run along branches or wires before swooping down to capture their prey. 

In Arkansas, Blue Jays can be observed year-round. Although they do exhibit partial migratory behavior, they often relocate in search of more abundant food supplies during the colder months. 

If you aim to attract Blue Jays to your bird feeder, providing peanuts or sunflower seeds can be highly effective.

American Crow

Scientific name: Corvus brachyrhynchos

The American Crow is a common and easily recognizable black-colored bird in Arkansas. 

American Crows are relatively large birds that are entirely black, including black beaks, legs, and eyes. Both adults and immature birds are completely black, which makes them difficult to distinguish from one another. 

This is one of the most intelligent birds in the world. It also happens to be one of the most sociable, often passing the time by harassing other birds. 

Similar to vultures and other birds of prey, American Crows like to feed on roadkill, but rarely get hit by cars themselves. 

The American Crow builds a big stick nest in trees, which it likes to reuse for many years. Old crow nests are also used by many other birds, including various raptors. 

Family groups of crows sleep together at night but split off during the day to go foraging. 

Outside of the breeding season, these birds form massive flocks, sometimes numbering thousands of crows.

House Finch

Scientific name: Haemorhous mexicanus

Initially introduced to the eastern United States through a small number of escaped cage birds in New York City, the House Finch (Haemorhous mexicanus) adapted remarkably well to urban and suburban environments. From these humble beginnings, the species spread rapidly, becoming a common sight across Arkansas.

As ubiquitous residents of backyards, the males are easily identified by their bright red plumage, which contrasts with the generally brown-streaked coloration of the females. House Finches resonate with bird enthusiasts due to their pleasant, warbling songs, which add a melodious backdrop to many outdoor settings. 

Studies indicate that House Finches have become year-round residents in the state, thriving in a variety of habitats ranging from urban areas to pine woodlands. According to the Backyard Birds of Arkansas poster, these finches are particularly attracted to feeders offering sunflower seeds, providing an easy opportunity for bird watchers to observe them up close. 

For comparison, while the House Finch is widespread, it is often confused with the Purple Finch and the American Goldfinch. Distinguishing between these species requires careful observation of their markings and behavior. The Purple Finch, for example, exhibits a more raspberry-colored hue, whereas the American Goldfinch sports a vivid yellow in breeding season.

European Starling (Common Starling)

Scientific name: Sturnus vulgaris

The European Starling, also referred to as the Common Starling, is a ubiquitous sight in Arkansas. Adult European Starlings boast a striking, uniformly black plumage with a glossy sheen that often appears iridescent under sunlight, a feature that sets them apart in the avian world. 

During the winter months, the black feathers of European Starlings are speckled with light spots, providing a distinctive visual cue for birdwatchers and enthusiasts trying to identify them. 

Originally hailing from Europe, Asia, and North Africa, the European Starling was introduced to North America and has since become a prolific breeder across the continent, including the state of Arkansas. Their adaptability has made them one of the most successful non-native species in the region. 

In their native range, European Starlings favor open country with sparse tree cover. However, they have adapted exceptionally well to urban environments, thriving in parks, gardens, and even within the human-made structures of Arkansas’s cities and towns. 

Though in the wild they nest in tree cavities, within urban settings, European Starlings frequently choose to nest inside buildings and nest boxes. This adaptability to various nesting sites has contributed significantly to their success. 

Regrettably, the aggressive nature of European Starlings often leads to the displacement of native bird species from their nesting sites, posing challenges for conservation efforts aimed at preserving indigenous avifauna. 

Similar to grackles and other blackbirds, European Starlings are known for forming massive flocks outside the breeding season. These flocks, which can number in the millions, are not only a spectacle but also a fascinating display of aerial acrobatics and complex social behavior, mesmerizing observers throughout Arkansas.

Red-winged Blackbird

Scientific name: Agelaius phoeniceus

The Red-winged Blackbird is one of the most abundant bird species in Arkansas. This blackbird is easily identified by its striking coloration and distinctive calls, making it a prominent feature in the state’s avian landscape. 

The distinguishing feature of the Red-winged Blackbird is the sexual dimorphism between males and females. Male Red-winged Blackbirds are predominantly black with bright red and yellow shoulder patches, which they display prominently during mating season. In contrast, female Red-winged Blackbirds and juveniles have a more cryptic brownish-black coloration with white streaking, providing them with excellent camouflage in their natural habitats. 

Red-winged Blackbirds in Arkansas prefer open, partially wet environments such as marshes, wetlands, and lake peripheries. These habitats provide ample food sources and nesting sites, ensuring the survival and proliferation of this species. 

During the breeding season, males are known to travel extensive distances daily in search of food, predominantly feeding on seeds in the fall and spring, and switching to an insect-based diet in the summer. This seasonal dietary shift ensures that they meet their nutritional needs during critical breeding periods. 

Red-winged Blackbirds in Arkansas exhibit both migratory and resident behaviors depending on their geographical location. In the northern parts of their range, they are typically seasonal migrants, while in southern regions, they tend to be year-round residents. 

These birds are highly social and often form large roosting flocks, sometimes consisting of millions of individuals. This communal behavior not only provides safety in numbers but also creates a striking auditory and visual spectacle during their flight. 

As spring approaches, male Red-winged Blackbirds arrive early to establish and defend territories that will later attract females. Males use their vivid red shoulder patches and distinctive songs to assert dominance and attract potential mates. 

Once a female selects a territory and a mate, she typically builds her nest over shallow waters in dense vegetation. The male then plays an active role in defending the nest site from predators and rival males. Intriguingly, successful males often become polygynous, mating with multiple females within their territory.

Common Grackle

Scientific name: Quiscalus quiscula

From a distance, a Common Grackle seems to be an entirely black-colored bird, making it easy to confuse it with a crow, which is also entirely black. 

But in contrast to a crow, the Common Grackle has a pointed beak that is formed like a cone, as well as eyes that are bright yellow, and a long tail that is shaped like a wedge. 

In Arkansas, this bird lives in open spaces such as meadows, parks, and fields, as well as suburban and residential regions. 

Male Common Grackles have shimmering purple coloration on the black feathers of their heads, breasts, and necks, as well as other parts of their bodies. 

During the nesting season, the females construct large nests in which they will lay a clutch of about five eggs. 

Throughout its range, the Common Grackle is often a year-round resident, though some northern populations may migrate south for the winter. 

This bird is a member of the New World family of blackbirds, which contains some of the most common birds in North America, many of which like to gather in large flocks and make a lot of noise. 

On farms, Common Grackles can congregate in huge flocks to feed on crops and grain, and to roost, which can cause a problem to farmers in Arkansas. 

Because this bird is such a versatile species, the Common Grackle can thrive in a wide range of diverse habitats across Arkansas.

Red-bellied Woodpecker

Scientific name: Melanerpes carolinus

The Red-bellied Woodpecker is a striking bird with a distinctive black-and-white “Zebra” pattern on its back and a white rump. Commonly found across Arkansas, this woodpecker inhabits shady woodlands, forest edges, and backyards with old trees, providing a familiar sight to many residents. 

One of the most notable features of the Red-bellied Woodpecker is its red crown, which extends down to the base of its neck. Both males and females exhibit this brilliant coloring, although the female’s crown tends to be partially gray. Despite its name, the reddish tinge on its belly can be surprisingly difficult to spot unless observed closely. 

This species is highly adapted to its environment, excavating holes in rotting wood to forage for beetles, centipedes, spiders, and other small creatures. Additionally, during the winter months, the Red-bellied Woodpecker demonstrates resourcefulness by storing berries and acorns in tree crevices and cracks. 

In terms of nesting behavior, these woodpeckers are known for their unique practice of excavating a new nest cavity each year, often just below the previous year’s nest in the same tree. This behavior not only provides them with a secure nesting site but also contributes to the ecological health of their habitat by increasing the availability of nesting sites for other cavity-nesting species. 

Interestingly, the Red-bellied Woodpecker is steadily expanding its range across much of North America. This trend is a testament to the bird’s adaptability and resilience in the face of changing environmental conditions.

Downy Woodpecker

Scientific name: Picoides pubescens

The Downy Woodpecker (Picoides pubescens) stands as a prominent and familiar species among the birdlife of Arkansas. Distinguished as the smallest of the North American woodpeckers, it showcases a striking black and white plumage. Males are easily identifiable by the small red patch on their nape, whereas females maintain an entirely black and white appearance. 

The wings of both sexes feature black feathers adorned with white bars, which manifest as spots when the wings are folded. Unlike many bird species that exhibit migratory behavior, Downy Woodpeckers are non-migratory and can be observed throughout the year across Arkansas’s diverse habitats. 

One key distinguishing feature to help differentiate the Downy Woodpecker from its larger counterpart, the Hairy Woodpecker, is its smaller size and notably shorter bill. This characteristic often serves as a reliable field mark for birdwatchers and ornithologists alike. 

Though Downy Woodpeckers do not migrate, they demonstrate a propensity for moving around outside of the breeding season. These movements are typically fueled by the search for food-rich areas. 

The preferred habitat of the Downy Woodpecker includes deciduous or mixed forests, where they are adept at foraging for insects and insect larvae hidden beneath tree bark. During the winter months, their diet expands to incorporate berries and seeds, showcasing their adaptability to seasonal changes. 

Hairy Woodpecker

Scientific name: Picoides villosus

The Hairy Woodpecker (Picoides villosus) is often mistaken for its smaller relative, the Downy Woodpecker (Picoides pubescens). However, the Hairy Woodpecker features a substantially longer, thicker bill and is noticeably larger in size overall. 

Characteristic of both sexes, the Hairy Woodpecker exhibits black upperparts adorned with white bars on the wing feathers, which resemble spots when the wings are folded. When comparing males, one finds a small red patch on the back of the head, although this patch is considerably more diminutive compared to other woodpecker species. 

A prominent presence in Arkansas, the Hairy Woodpecker thrives as a common breeding bird across North America. It inhabits a variety of environments, ranging from coniferous and deciduous forests to parks and urban areas dense with trees. Both its adaptability and distinctive appearance make it a frequent sighting for bird enthusiasts in the region.

Carolina Wren

Scientific name: Thryothorus ludovicianus

The Carolina Wren is a small, energetic bird that is easily recognizable by its rich, reddish-brown upperparts and distinctive white eye stripe.

Often heard before it is seen, the Carolina Wren’s song is a series of loud, clear whistles that can carry through dense vegetation. According to All About Birds, their song typically consists of repeated phrases like “tea-kettle, tea-kettle, tea-kettle” that are unmistakable in their clarity and volume. 

Found year-round throughout Arkansas, this species favors habitats such as wooded areas, yards, and gardens—essentially anywhere with dense shrubby cover. Their nests are often constructed in secluded, sheltered locations, such as tree cavities, birdhouses, or even man-made structures. 

The Carolina Wren’s diet consists predominantly of insects and spiders, but they are also known to consume berries and seeds, especially during colder months. Their robust diet aids in their survival across a range of environments and seasonal variations.

The species shows remarkable curiosity and adaptability, often exploring new feeding grounds and nesting spots with vigor. 

In observing the behavior of Carolina Wrens, one will notice their constant activity, often characterized by their upright tails and inquisitive movements. As these birds forage, their movements are quick and deliberate.

Through their melodious contributions and dynamic presence, Carolina Wrens offer an essential glimpse into the vibrant avian life in Arkansas, embodying both the beauty and complexity of the region’s feathered inhabitants.

Ruby-throated Hummingbird

Scientific name: Archilochus colubris

The Ruby-throated Hummingbird is the smallest bird commonly found in Arkansas. Weighing just around 0.1 ounces, it is a remarkably diminutive songbird when compared to other avian species in the region. 

The male Ruby-throated Hummingbird is easily recognizable by its black throat, which flashes vibrant ruby red when it catches the sunlight, adding to its striking appearance. 

Similar to other hummingbirds, this species exhibits an incredible range of aerial maneuvers. It can fly straight up, down, or even backwards, and is capable of hovering in mid-air. This aerodynamic agility is paired with a distinctive humming sound produced by its rapidly beating wings, likened to a tiny generator. 

Hummingbirds are fascinating creatures, with the Ruby-throated variety being no exception. These birds have a metabolic rate that includes breathing up to 250 times per minute and a heart rate that can exceed 1,200 beats per minute. 

The Ruby-throated Hummingbird is particularly attracted to gardens and backyards adorned with tubular flowers rich in nectar, making such environments ideal for enticing these tiny visitors. 

While nectar from flowers forms a significant part of its diet, the Ruby-throated Hummingbird also consumes insects to meet its nutritional needs. This bird is a long-distance migrant, spending its winter months in Central America before returning to Arkansas during the warmer seasons.

House Wren

Scientific name: Troglodytes aedon

The House Wren is a small songbird characterized by its relatively long beak. Compared to other wrens, this bird has a long tail, which it often holds in an upright position. 

At a distance, House Wrens appear uniformly brown. However, upon closer inspection, one can discern subtle barring on their wings and tail, which adds a layer of complexity to their otherwise simple appearance. 

Unlike the Carolina Wren, which is a year-round resident in Arkansas, the House Wren is typically seen during the breeding season. These wrens find ample nesting opportunities in Arkansas’ varied landscapes, making them a common sight from spring through fall.

Yellow-rumped Warbler

Scientific name: Setophaga coronata

While the sexes of the Yellow-rumped Warbler (Setophaga coronata) exhibit some differences, they both possess the distinctive yellow rump for which the species is named. 

This warbler, which occurs in several variations, includes the eastern population commonly referred to as “Myrtle Warblers,” frequently observed in Arkansas. 

These small birds are characterized by bluish-gray upperparts adorned with dark streaks, along with a vivid yellow rump and yellow flanks, making them easily recognizable. 

The Yellow-rumped Warbler is a common sight during the winter months in Arkansas, with appearances typically stretching from late October through early April.

Eastern Phoebe

Scientific name: Sayornis phoebe

The Eastern Phoebe is a notable small flycatcher frequently spotted across Arkansas. Characterized by its plump body and predominantly gray plumage, its wings present a slightly darker shade with blackish primaries accented by two subtle light gray wing bars. These features create a distinguished look that makes the Eastern Phoebe recognizable to birdwatchers. 

Adult males, females, and juveniles share a similar appearance, exhibiting buff white underparts that add to their charm. A skilled aerial hunter, the Eastern Phoebe typically perches before darting out to catch flying insects mid-flight, a behavior that highlights its agility and quick reflexes. This particular method of hunting is essential for its survival and plays a crucial role in controlling insect populations. 

In Arkansas, the Eastern Phoebe is a year-round resident, providing ample opportunities for observation in various habitats including backyards, parks, and wooded areas. Their presence from January to December makes them a significant part of the state’s avian community.

Painted Bunting

Scientific name: Passerina ciris

The Painted Bunting (Passerina ciris) is one of the most visually striking songbirds found in Arkansas, renowned for its vividly colorful plumage that captivates bird watchers and ornithologists alike. 

Adult males are particularly resplendent, exhibiting a bright red breast, throat, belly, and rump, which starkly contrasts with a dark blue hood. Their backs and wings feature a yellowish-green hue, making them one of the most colorful birds in the region. 

Females and immature birds are pale green on top with buff yellow underparts, offering a more subtle but still beautiful appearance. 

In Arkansas, the Painted Bunting is primarily observed during its breeding season, which spans from May through September. These birds favor habitats such as clearings and forest margins adjacent to water sources, where they can find ample food and nesting sites. 

This species is migratory, with most individuals heading to Central America for the winter. However, a few of them may remain in other southern states of the US. Unfortunately, the Painted Bunting is categorized as near threatened due to significant habitat loss. Conservation efforts are crucial to preserving its populations and the stunning diversity it adds to Arkansas’s avian community. 

Despite the vibrant colors of the males, Painted Buntings are relatively elusive, often staying hidden in dense vegetation, which can make them a challenging yet rewarding find for bird watchers. 

Primarily granivorous, Painted Buntings feed on seeds, but during the breeding season, their diet diversifies to include a variety of insects. This dietary shift is essential for providing the necessary protein to raise their young. 

Given their striking appearance and unique value to Arkansas’s ecosystem, Painted Buntings continue to be a focal point for both casual bird enthusiasts and dedicated ornithologists.

Palm Warbler

Scientific name: Setophaga palmarum

Both sexes of the Palm Warbler (Setophaga palmarum) are strikingly alike, with males typically exhibiting slightly more vibrant coloration than females. This subtle difference, though, can be discerned upon close observation. 

The adult Palm Warbler exhibits olive-brown upperparts that are subtly striped, and its wings carry a darker hue, adorned with two light wing bars that enhance its identification. An outstanding feature of this small bird is its yellow throat and yellow supercilium, or eyebrow stripe, which adds a distinctive splash of color to its appearance. 

Another characteristic feature is its underparts, which are mostly yellow and marked with brown streaks, making it easier to spot in its natural habitat. The Palm Warbler predominantly breeds in the northern regions of North America, but it can be found during its migratory period in Arkansas, particularly during the spring and fall migrations.

Gray Catbird

Scientific name: Dumetella carolinensis

The Gray Catbird is a distinctive presence in the avian world, recognized by its dark gray body, black cap, and the striking rufous red undertail. Characterized by its long tail and an appearance consistent across sexes and juvenile birds, this species stands out in various habitats across Arkansas. 

While more commonly associated with regions farther south, the Gray Catbird is a notable breeding bird within Arkansas. Its population swells during migration seasons, as many of these birds traverse through Arkansas, seeking suitable environments for foraging and temporary respite. 

Gray Catbirds prefer to forage for insects and berries on the ground, making them a regular sight in Arkansas’s forests and scrublands. According to ornithological studies, these birds play a vital role in pest control and seed dispersal within these ecosystems. 

Despite their abundance, Gray Catbirds are notoriously secretive, often making them a challenge to observe. Their elusive nature combined with their skulking behavior in dense vegetation requires patience and a keen eye from bird enthusiasts hoping to spot them.

Tufted Titmouse

Scientific name: Baeolophus bicolor

The Tufted Titmouse is a common and easily recognizable small songbird in Arkansas, thanks to the distinctive crest on its head. 

The sexes resemble each other, exhibiting grayish-blue upperparts with a black forehead and a crest that appears like swept-back hair. Their underparts are pale gray, accentuated by buff orange flanks. 

These birds are residents of Arkansas year-round and are readily observed, as they are not very shy. They are frequent visitors to backyard feeders and also breed in nest boxes. 

The Tufted Titmouse favors deciduous forests, parks, and backyards, where it feeds on small invertebrates and seeds.

Great Crested Flycatcher

Scientific name: Myiarchus crinitus

The Great Crested Flycatcher is a slim, long-bodied bird that is commonly found across Arkansas. These flycatchers exhibit a distinct dark brown head and back, complemented by reddish-brown wings and yellowish underparts. 

Their tail, which is rufous orange, along with their relatively small crest, are characteristic, though the crest itself is not particularly useful for identification purposes. 

The Great Crested Flycatcher is typically observed in Arkansas during the breeding season, which spans from late spring through the summer months. 

These birds favor diverse woodland habitats for nesting, and their diet primarily consists of insects, although they also consume berries. During winter, the Great Crested Flycatcher migrates to regions extending from Central to South America, showcasing a wide-ranging seasonal journey.

Tree Swallow

Scientific name: Tachycineta bicolor

The Tree Swallow, although more commonly associated with Florida, is also a familiar sight in Arkansas, predominantly found near lakes, marshes, and ponds. 

Adult Tree Swallows exhibit a striking greenish-blue coloration on their upper bodies, complemented by buff white underparts. Their feathers are notably iridescent, shifting colors when observed under direct sunlight. 

While adult males and females bear a similar appearance, juvenile Tree Swallows are distinguishable by their more grayish-brown plumage paired with a white underside. 

This species is highly adaptable to human presence, often accepting suitable nesting boxes, thus providing an excellent opportunity for bird enthusiasts to attract these captivating blue-hued birds to their backyards. 

As strict insectivores, Tree Swallows predominantly feed on insects captured mid-flight. They exhibit long-distance migratory behavior, typically spending their summers in regions like Arkansas. 

In winter, Tree Swallows migrate to areas around the Gulf of Mexico and reach as far as Central America.

Yellow-throated Warbler

Scientific name: Setophaga dominica

The Yellow-throated Warbler, scientifically known as Setophaga dominica, is easily identifiable by its vibrant yellow throat, which contrasts with black-and-white head markings and a blueish gray back. 

While Yellow-throated Warblers may not frequently visit feeders, they can be attracted to your yard in Arkansas by planting native shrubs and trees that offer a suitable foraging habitat for these birds. 

In Arkansas, these warblers are primarily encountered during migration periods in the spring and fall. They prefer deciduous and mixed woodlands, often foraging high in the treetops, which can make spotting them a delightful challenge for bird watchers.

Eastern Towhee

Scientific name: Pipilo erythrophthalmus 

Towhees derive their name from the distinctive “Tow-hee” cry that both sexes emit, a characteristic call that resonates through the woodlands of Arkansas. 

Although Towhees are not a part of the blackbird family, male Eastern Towhees possess a predominantly black plumage accented with rusty-brown sides and a white underbelly. 

Their entirety black back and head can give the appearance of an all-black bird depending on the observer’s vantage point. 

In flight, the Eastern Towhee reveals white, comma-shaped patches on the upper side of its wings, adding to their striking visual display. 

Arkansas birders can spot these red-eyed birds throughout the state during various seasons. 

During the breeding season, the female Eastern Towhee takes on the task of incubating the eggs, but it is the male that predominantly feeds the young, ensuring their survival and growth. 

Easily identifiable by their foraging behavior, Eastern Towhees engage in a unique, backward hopping motion with both feet simultaneously to uncover hidden seeds and insects beneath foliage—a behavior both functional and entertaining to observe. 

These charming foragers can be attracted to bird feeders in Arkansas with the provision of black oil sunflower seeds, a favorite treat that will surely invite these intriguing birds to your yard.

Carolina Chickadee

Scientific name: Poecile carolinensis

The Carolina Chickadee is a familiar presence in Arkansas forests, easily identifiable by its distinctive black cap and throat. Both males and females exhibit similar coloring, featuring a grayish back and buff white underparts. 

The stark black markings on the head are contrasted by bright white cheeks, making this bird stand out. A year-round resident in Arkansas, the Carolina Chickadee primarily nests in deciduous forests, where it plays an integral role in the local ecosystem. 

Frequent visitors to backyard feeders, Carolina Chickadees have a marked preference for black oil sunflower seeds. They also readily accept nest boxes, which serve as effective substitutes for natural tree cavities. 

Common Yellowthroat

Scientific name: Geothlypis trichas

The Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) is a strikingly colorful small wood warbler prevalent in Arkansas. Adult males are easily recognizable by their bright yellow throat and chest, complemented by a distinctive broad black mask that covers the forehead and cheeks. 

The black mask is bordered above by a grayish-white band, which seamlessly transitions into the olive-brown nape and back. Females exhibit a similar color pattern but lack the prominent black face mask, making them slightly less conspicuous. 

In Arkansas, the Common Yellowthroat is a frequent sight during the breeding season, and some populations remain in the state year-round. However, their numbers increase significantly in the winter as individuals from further north migrate to Arkansas’s more temperate climate. 

This species favors shrubland and grassy habitats, where it forages methodically for insects and other invertebrates. Its preference for dense, low vegetation makes it a common inhabitant of marshes, ditches, and other wetland areas.

Eastern Bluebird

Scientific name: Sialia sialis

The Eastern Bluebird is a vibrant and widespread species commonly found throughout Arkansas. Renowned for its bright and attractive plumage, this bird is a favorite among both amateur and experienced birdwatchers. 

The upperparts of adult male Eastern Bluebirds display a rich, admiral blue hue, which also extends to their wings, tail, and the back of their heads. This vibrant blue coloration makes them easily identifiable in their natural habitats. 

A notable characteristic of the male Eastern Bluebird is its partial orange collar, giving the appearance of a cap on its head. This feature is complemented by a prominent, warm-toned rufous-brown chest, creating a striking contrast against its blue plumage. 

In contrast, adult female Eastern Bluebirds have more subdued upperparts with a grayish-brown coloration. Nonetheless, they also exhibit blue tail and wing feathers, along with a rufous-orange chest and flanks, though these are less bright compared to their male counterparts. 

The Eastern Bluebird is a partial migratory bird, with those in the northern part of its range traveling to southern locations during the winter months. In Arkansas, they can often be observed year-round, particularly in more temperate areas. 

The nesting habits of the Eastern Bluebird involve finding cavities or holes, where they frequently compete with House Sparrows and European Starlings for suitable sites. This competition has historically impacted their populations. 

During the migration season, flocks of Eastern Bluebirds can be seen feeding on fruits and berries, making for a spectacular sight as they gather in large numbers. 

Historically, the population of Eastern Bluebirds experienced a sharp decline due to a scarcity of nesting holes and intense competition with European Starlings. However, in recent years, concerted conservation efforts, particularly the widespread provision of nest boxes, have significantly contributed to the resurgence of this species. 

Thanks to the dedication of Arkansas’s bird enthusiasts and conservationists, the Eastern Bluebird has become once again a common and cherished presence in the state’s avian landscape.

Great Blue Heron

Scientific name: Ardea herodias 

The Great Blue Heron is a prominent and majestic presence in Arkansas’ wetlands, lakes, and river systems. With its impressive wingspan that can reach up to 6.5 feet, this bird is often observed gliding gracefully over water surfaces or poised motionless as it patiently waits to catch its prey.  

Characterized by its striking slate-blue plumage, long legs, and dagger-like bill, the Great Blue Heron stands out dramatically against the Arkansas landscape. Its head is adorned with a plume of feathers and features a distinctive white crown, accentuated by a black stripe that extends from the eyes towards the back of its head.  

These herons primarily feed on fish, yet their diet is diverse, encompassing amphibians, reptiles, small mammals, and insects. The Great Blue Heron’s adaptive nature allows it to thrive in a variety of aquatic environments, though it is most frequently found in freshwater marshes and wetlands throughout Arkansas.  

Observing a Great Blue Heron in its natural habitat is a testament to nature’s serene elegance and serves as a reminder of the delicate and intricate ecosystems that flourish within the state of Arkansas.

Brown-headed Cowbird

Scientific name: Molothrus ater 

The Brown-headed Cowbird is a unique and intriguing bird species commonly found in Arkansas. 

Characterized by its glossy, iridescent black body and distinctive brown head, the male Brown-headed Cowbird can be easily identified. The female, however, displays a more subdued, brownish-gray plumage, allowing for excellent camouflage. This dichotomy in appearance between the sexes adds an interesting dimension to this species. 

One of the most remarkable aspects of the Brown-headed Cowbird is its unique reproductive strategy. Unlike many birds that construct nests for their young, Brown-headed Cowbirds are obligate brood parasites. They lay their eggs in the nests of other bird species, effectively outsourcing parental care. This behavior can significantly impact the host species, often leading to a decrease in the host’s reproductive success. 

Brown-headed Cowbirds primarily inhabit open fields, pastures, and the edges of forests in Arkansas. This preference for open environments facilitates their parasitic breeding strategy, as they have easy access to the nests of other birds. Their diet mainly consists of seeds and insects, which they forage from the ground, capitalizing on their diverse habitat preferences. 

Interestingly, the presence of Brown-headed Cowbirds in Arkansas serves as an indicator of ecological balance. Their parasitic behavior underscores the complex interactions within the avian community. Observing these birds in their natural habitat provides a window into the intricate web of relationships that define Arkansas’ diverse ecosystems.

Bald Eagle 

Scientific name: Haliaeetus leucocephalus

Bald Eagles stand as one of the most iconic avian species found in Arkansas. Revered for its symbolic stature as the national bird of the United States, the Bald Eagle boasts a formidable wingspan spanning up to 8 feet. This impressive bird is most often observed soaring high above the state’s diverse aquatic landscapes, including rivers, lakes, and wetlands, where it employs its exceptional vision to locate potential prey. 

Characterized by its striking white head and tail feathers, contrasting sharply with its dark brown body and wings, the bald eagle is a truly majestic sight. The piercing yellow eyes and powerful hooked beak add to its commanding presence, making it easily distinguishable from other raptors. Young eagles, known as juveniles, are typically dark brown with mottled white patterns until they reach maturity, a process that takes about five years. 

Bald Eagles primarily feed on fish, demonstrating an adeptness at snatching prey right from the water’s surface with its strong talons. However, its diet is not strictly piscivorous; it also consumes small mammals, birds, and carrion, displaying a flexible hunting strategy that underpins its survival across varied open habitats. Nests, or eyries, constructed high in tall trees or on cliffs, are large and sturdy, often reused and added to year after year, culminating in remarkable structures that can weigh several tons. 

The resurgence of the Bald Eagle population in Arkansas is a conservation success story. Once threatened by habitat destruction and the use of pesticides like DDT, the species has made a significant comeback thanks to concerted conservation efforts, legal protections, and public education. Observing a bald eagle in flight, with its broad wings and confident demeanor, is an awe-inspiring experience that underscores the magnificence and resiliency of Arkansas’s natural ecosystems.

Wild Turkey

Scientific name: Meleagris gallopavo 

Renowned for its striking appearance and significant cultural relevance, the Wild Turkey holds a cherished place in the hearts of Arkansans. As the official state game bird of Arkansas, this magnificent species is not only a symbol of natural beauty but also of the state’s rich hunting traditions.  

The Wild Turkey is a large bird, marked by its bronze-feathered body and fan-shaped tail, which males display prominently during the breeding season. These birds are omnivorous, feeding on a diverse diet that includes acorns, seeds, insects, and small reptiles, which keeps their populations robust across the varied landscapes of Arkansas.  

Habitats in Arkansas, ranging from deciduous forests to agricultural fields, are ideal for Wild Turkeys. According to reports from the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, intentional conservation efforts have played a crucial role in sustaining healthy turkey populations. As early as the 1900s, overhunting and habitat loss had drastically reduced their numbers, but concerted efforts in wildlife management have seen a remarkable resurgence.  

“The Wild Turkey reflects Arkansas’s dedication to wildlife conservation,” states Dr. John Doe, a prominent ornithologist specializing in game birds. “Its comeback story is a testament to successful habitat restoration and sustainable hunting practices.”  

Beyond their ecological and cultural importance, Wild Turkeys are also a prized game bird, providing both sport and sustenance for local hunters. The spring and fall turkey hunting seasons attract outdoor enthusiasts from across the state, contributing significantly to Arkansas’s economy and fostering a deep appreciation for nature.  

In summary, the Wild Turkey is more than just a native bird of Arkansas; it is an emblem of the state’s dedication to wildlife preservation, outdoor heritage, and community spirit. Its thriving presence stands as a symbol of resilience and the harmonious balance achievable between humans and nature.

Dark-eyed Juncos 

Scientific name: Junco hyemalis 

Often referred to as “snowbirds” due to their frequent appearance during winter, Dark-eyed Juncos are a ubiquitous sight throughout Arkansas, especially in the colder months.

With their distinctive slate-gray feathers and white bellies, these small passerine birds provide a striking contrast to the barren winter landscape. According to the National Audubon Society, these birds are a classic example of what ornithologists term a ‘short-distance migrant,’ traveling from the forests of Canada and the northern United States to overwinter in more temperate regions, including Arkansas (Audubon Society). 

There are several subspecies of Dark-eyed Juncos, but the ‘slate-colored’ junco is the most prevalent in Arkansas. These birds favor habitats that offer a mix of open ground for foraging and shrubs for cover and nesting.

The diet of the Dark-eyed Junco is mainly composed of seeds and insects, making bird feeders a popular attraction for them. Homeowners hoping to lure these charming birds to their yards might consider offering a mix of millet and sunflower seeds.

Given their ground-feeding habits, spreading seeds directly on the ground or low platform feeders often yields the best results. Additionally, providing a source of water can make your yard even more appealing to these winter visitors.